In times of transformation from passenger transport, nodes that enable inter- and multimodality in the transport sector are becoming particularly important. New forms of mobility in the context of public transport are thus strongly focused on these starting and transfer points. Accordingly, these nodes are to be considered separately but at the same time in the overall spatial context of the region.

Transportation in the megacities of the has a multitude of problems. One of the biggest core problems is the inadequate public transportation system which leads to a multitude of other problems such as extreme traffic congestion, long commute times, air pollution, fatal traffic accidents. The external cost of these consequences is a high damage to the economic development of these cities. With the continuous growth of these cities, this research area is continuously gaining importance to provide for a more sustainable world.

One of the biggest challenges in the mobility transition is human behavior. This is influenced by many different factors and must be considered accordingly for special requirements. This makes it easier to derive more efficient and better economic models and policy implications for these requirements. Our goal here is to enable more sustainable transport behavior. Extrinsic incentives and monetary incentives could be a solution for this, accordingly such concepts have to be identified and tested in experiments.

The People´s Republic of China was the first region to be affected by a global pandemic outbreak in January 2020. COVID-19 spread very quickly around the globe, presenting the international community with new dimensions of economic, social and moral problems. Countries responded by making macroscopic decisions for their nations. The individual regions were not equipped with the appropriate applications to be able to act regionally. Accordingly, micro-management decision support tools could be developed by us to advise the regional decision makers.

Ongoing digitization has already produced numerous disruptive innovations, with many more to follow. The transportation sector is particularly affected by these innovations, whether through drones, autonomous vehicles or the digitalization of public transport. New business models must be developed and adapted accordingly.

Demographic change is prevalent in rural regions against the backdrop of an aging society as well as out-migration due to a lack of employment opportunities employment opportunities and poor infrastructure. Given a fixed budget for transport operators, declining demand leads to high operating costs per transported customer. This makes the provision of public transport economically inefficient and People in rural areas become highly dependent on private motorized transport. Accordingly, public transport needs to be transformed through digitalization measures. For this purpose, the DRT system Ecobus was developed for rural areas as a door-to-door system.

While urbanization and population growth are expanding city boundaries, public transportation systems are required to accompany this process in order to provide accessible public transport. The results of this study provide a basis for further analyses of public transport systems around the world to determine deficiencies in parameters and service design. It also contributes to the toolkits for the assessment of public transport services within a city and provides guidelines for political processes.

In a comparison of the German states, Schleswig-Holstein scores below average on indicators such as gross domestic product per employee and research and development spending. One possible remedy against such scenarios is to provide impetus for technological innovations that have an impact on both economic growth and industrial development.