In times of transformation from passenger transport, nodes that enable inter- and multimodality in the transport sector are becoming particularly important. New forms of mobility in the context of public transport are thus strongly focused on these starting and transfer points. Accordingly, these nodes are to be considered separately but at the same time in the overall spatial context of the region.

Currently, a gradual change in the perspective of cities can be observed worldwide due to global warming and the shortage of raw materials. Shortage of raw materials on the one hand, and rapidly growing population figures and the resulting increase in traffic volume on the other. With the signing of the Kyoto Protocol and the associated goal of the international community, global warming to a maximum of 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial pre-industrial level, the world has committed itself to taking effective steps to reduce greenhouse steps to reduce greenhouse gases. In cities in particular, the bicycle is thus gaining ground as a sustainable, CO2-neutral means of transport. because of its potential to replace motorized transport and contribute to climate protection and quality of life.

Interdisciplinarity is an essential key to the effectiveness of innovations and technologies. Accordingly, the aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of transport systems from an economic point of view and thereby generate recommendations. Digital approaches enable new options for an optimal interaction of these disciplines.

Transportation in the megacities of the has a multitude of problems. One of the biggest core problems is the inadequate public transportation system which leads to a multitude of other problems such as extreme traffic congestion, long commute times, air pollution, fatal traffic accidents. The external cost of these consequences is a high damage to the economic development of these cities. With the continuous growth of these cities, this research area is continuously gaining importance to provide for a more sustainable world.

Ongoing digitization has already produced numerous disruptive innovations, with many more to follow. The transportation sector is particularly affected by these innovations, whether through drones, autonomous vehicles or the digitalization of public transport. New business models must be developed and adapted accordingly.

Demographic change is prevalent in rural regions against the backdrop of an aging society as well as out-migration due to a lack of employment opportunities employment opportunities and poor infrastructure. Given a fixed budget for transport operators, declining demand leads to high operating costs per transported customer. This makes the provision of public transport economically inefficient and People in rural areas become highly dependent on private motorized transport. Accordingly, public transport needs to be transformed through digitalization measures. For this purpose, the DRT system Ecobus was developed for rural areas as a door-to-door system.

While urbanization and population growth are expanding city boundaries, public transportation systems are required to accompany this process in order to provide accessible public transport. The results of this study provide a basis for further analyses of public transport systems around the world to determine deficiencies in parameters and service design. It also contributes to the toolkits for the assessment of public transport services within a city and provides guidelines for political processes.

The scope and tools of modern corporate mobility management concepts go far beyond pure business travel. Changing mobility needs and digital solutions enable intelligent networking and efficient coordination of different mobility needs and affect other business areas such as corporate social responsibility. Smart and tailored mobility management can create cost-efficient, sustainable and attractive offers for employees and the region.

Disruptive developments in automated driving systems, new drive concepts and digital mobility are shaping the way people in rural and urban areas. In combination with these technical potentials, novel mobility concepts can improve people`s everyday mobility of people in terms of both cost efficiency and sustainability. In addition, the challenges of demographic change and urbanization can be and negative developments can be mitigated.

The most flexible DRT system is a door-to-door service. This offers a high degree of flexibility and thus ensures a comprehensive understanding of the user`s routes. Accordingly, such a system can also achieve a high degree of customer satisfaction, as there is no need to change. Depending on the system, the pooling rate and the resulting detours can be problematic.

The most flexible DRT system is a door-to-door service. This offers a high degree of flexibility and thus ensures a comprehensive understanding of the users routes. Accordingly, such a system can also achieve a high degree of customer satisfaction, as there is no need to change. Depending on the system the pooling rate and the resulting detours can be problematic.